Rehabilitation is an integral part of global health coverage, along with promoting health, disease prevention, treatment, and stroke care.
Rehabilitation allows children, adults, or seniors to become more independent in their daily lives and allows them to perform important tasks such as education, work, recreational activities, and caring for the family.
An estimated 2.4 billion people worldwide currently suffer from pathological conditions for which recovery has been indicated.
Rehabilitation needs are expected to increase worldwide due to health and demographic changes. Thus, with increasing life expectancy, the burden of chronic diseases and disability increases.
Currently, the need for rehabilitation services has not been met to a large extent. In some low- and middle-income countries, more than 50% of the population does not receive the rehabilitation services they need. In addition, rehabilitation services are among the health services most affected by COVID-19.
What is rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is defined as "restoring one's functional abilities and reducing the level of disability in people with health problems, taking into account their living condition
In other words, the goal of rehabilitation is to help children, adults, or the elderly become more independent in their daily lives to enable them to have access to education, work, and recreational activities and perform important social tasks such as family care. To be able to. To do this, rehabilitation treatment of comorbid conditions (eg pain syndrome), helps to restore the functions necessary for daily life, cognitive impairment, visual and hearing impairment, communication difficulties, eating and drinking difficulties. This includes helping to overcome. Or moving in space.".
Anyone may need rehabilitation services at some point in their life as a result of injury, surgery, illness or other health condition, or age-related impairment.
Some examples of rehabilitation services:
Exercises to correct speech, language, or communication impairments after a traumatic brain injury;
Changing the living conditions of older people to improve their safety and autonomy at home and reduce the risk of falling;
Health education and training for people with heart disease
Making and fitting artificial limbs for amputees and training them to use such prostheses;
Fixation and splitting to promote skin healing, reduce inflammation, and restore motor function in people undergoing surgery for burns;
Prescribing drugs to reduce muscle stiffness in children with cerebral palsy;
Providing psychological support to people suffering from depression;
Teach blind people to use a white cane.
Rehabilitation services are highly individualized, meaning that the choice of interventions and methods should be based on the patient's goals and preferences. Rehabilitation services can be provided at the home level, such as in healthcare settings (based on public or private hospitals and clinics) and at the community level.
A range of professionals is involved in providing rehabilitation services, including physiotherapists, speech and audiologists, orthopedists and prosthetists, medical psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, and nurses.
The value of rehabilitation
Rehabilitation can mitigate the adverse effects of a wide range of pathological conditions, including illness (acute or chronic) and wounds. Also, rehabilitation services can be provided in addition to other interventions, including medical procedures and surgical interventions, thus contributing to the best outcomes of treatment. Thus, through the provision of rehabilitation services, complications of many pathological conditions, such as spinal cord injury, paralysis, or fracture, can be reduced, reduced, or prevented.
Rehabilitation helps reduce or slow down the debilitating effects of many chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, by providing patients with self-care techniques and assistive devices, or by treating pain or other complications. ۔
Expenditure on rehabilitation services should be viewed as an investment that benefits the individual and the community as a whole. With rehabilitation, expensive hospital admissions can be avoided, hospital stays can be reduced, and re-hospitalizations can be avoided. In addition, rehabilitation provides an opportunity for people to get an education, engage in paid employment, become independent in daily life, and have the need for minimal financial support or outside assistance.
Rehabilitation is an important component of global health coverage and is one of the key strategies for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 ("Ensuring a healthy life and promoting well-being for all ages").
Misconceptions about rehabilitation
These are not the only people with long-term health problems or disabilities who need rehabilitation. In contrast, rehabilitation is one of the most important types of health services for all people suffering from acute or chronic pathological conditions, disorders, or injuries that limit their functioning, and therefore rehabilitation services Must be available to anyone who needs it.
Rehabilitation should not be a special type of medical care available only to those who are eligible to pay for it. Nor should it be seen as an optional service that can only be relied upon if other treatment and prevention measures fail.
In order to realize the full social, economic, and health benefits of rehabilitation, the entire population must be provided access to timely, high-quality, and affordable rehabilitation interventions. In many cases, this means that as soon as a pathological condition is identified, rehabilitation measures need to be initiated and continued along with other medical care measures.
Unmet Global Rehabilitation Needs
An estimated 2.4 billion people worldwide currently suffer from pathological conditions for which recovery has been indicated. Rehabilitation needs are expected to increase worldwide due to health and demographic changes.
Life expectancy is rising, the population over the age of 60 is expected to double by 2050, and more people are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, stroke, and cancer. At the same time, the rate of injury (eg burns) and the spread of developmental disorders in children (eg cerebral palsy) do not change. These pathological conditions can negatively affect a person's functional abilities and contribute to an increase in disability rates, and therefore require rehabilitation.
In many parts of the world, these growing recovery needs are largely unmet. In some low- and middle-income countries, more than half of the people who are eligible for rehabilitation services do not receive them. Rehabilitation services are often one of the health services most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.
Worldwide, rehabilitation needs are not met for a number of reasons:
Low level of rehabilitation priority, inadequate funding, lack of policies or plans to provide rehabilitation services at the national level;
Lack of access to maintenance services outside of urban areas and long waiting times.
Absence or inadequacy of high-level spending and financial support mechanisms by the population on rehabilitation services;
Lack of qualified rehabilitation professionals: In many low- and middle-income countries, the supply of qualified persons is less than 10 per 1 million people.
Lack of resources, including auxiliary technology, equipment, and supplies.
Low level of scientific work and data collection related to rehabilitation.
Ineffective or under-used referral mechanism for patients seeking rehabilitation services.
Rehabilitation in emergency situations
Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and disease outbreaks, and man-made disasters, including armed conflict, terrorism, or industrial accidents, can result in high demand for rehabilitation services related to injury or disease. Yet all of these disasters and disasters undermine service delivery and have the most negative impact on the most vulnerable populations and fragile health systems.
Although medical and humanitarian guidelines recognize the important role of rehabilitation in emergencies, it is seldom considered in the context of health system preparation and emergency response. This exacerbates existing problems with the provision of rehabilitation services, reduces the effectiveness of medical care, and increases the risk of illness and disability to those affected by emergencies.
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